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1 959 kr
I lager, skickas inom 4 till 5 vardagar
20% rabatt med Storytel
Du handlar alltid fysiska böcker till specialpriser om du har eller startar ett abonnemang.
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Snabb leverans med CityMail, Early Bird, Instabox, Budbee, PostNord eller DSV. Du ser alla fraktalternativ och priser i kassan.
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Lämna tillbaka din bok kostnadsfritt med 14 dagars ångerrätt.
20% rabatt med Storytel
Du handlar alltid fysiska böcker till specialpriser om du har eller startar ett abonnemang.
Frakt från 0 kr
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Lämna tillbaka din bok kostnadsfritt med 14 dagars ångerrätt.
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Disinfection of wastewater is a necessary treatment process for protecting the public from potential exposure to pathogenic microorganisms because many wastewater effluents are discharged into water bodies that may be used for recreation or as future drinking water supplies. Two common forms of disinfection are chlorine and ultraviolet (UV) light. However, microorganisms differ in their susceptibility to UV and chlorine disinfectants. It is necessary to understand how different classes of pathogens respond to UV and chlorine disinfection processes in wastewater to better develop strategies for optimizing the treatment of pathogens in wastewater. It is also recognized that water quality may impact disinfection effectiveness, such as protection of pathogen by particles and disinfectant demand. This study investigated bacteria, viruses and protozoan pathogens. All species of bacteria tested were susceptible to both UV and chlorine, despite differences in antibiotic resistance and tendency to aggregate. Upon exposure to disinfection conditions that could indicate viability of the bacteria tested, but not culturability using common methods, it was found that UV and chlorine were effective in eliminating the capability of viable but non-culturable bacteria to resuscitate and become re-infective. Clostridium spores were resistant to free chlorine and UV disinfection but found to be susceptible to long exposure to monochloramine. Cryptosporidium was resistant to all chlorine forms but very susceptible to UV irradiation. Pathogenic and indicator viruses tested were very susceptible to free chlorine and UV disinfection. UV radiation throughout the 200 to 300 nm range was effective for inactivation of viruses and C. parvum, but wavelengths between 260-270 nm and below 220 nm appeared to be more effective for viruses, suggesting a possible advantage for polychromatic UV sources. Sequential disinfection strategies were proposed and tested to enhance inactivation of various microorganisms. One scenario integrated UV disinfection followed by dynamic chloramination through addition of free chlorine and subsequent transformation to combined chlorine. Further, disinfection of microorganisms in wastewater presents challenges that are inherent to the water matrix, such as pathogens associated with particles. UV and chlorine were both effective for disinfection of coliform in wastewater but chlorine was found to be more effective during long contact times for inactivation of particle associated coliform. In addition to coliform, both Cryptosporidium parvum and Salmonella typhimurium were identified as being particle associated in wastewater using molecular approaches developed to detect microbes in environmental samples
1 959 kr
I lager, skickas inom 4 till 5 vardagar
Frank R. Spellman
Richard Edmonds
Richard O. Prum
Joel Levy
Bodhisatta Hajra
Ian Stewart
David B. Weishampel, David E. Fastovsky
Harriet Rix
Martin Peterson
Editorial Committee of the Madrid Code
Noson S. Yanofsky
Construction Industry Training Board (CITB)
Professor Tim Spector
Delano Steenmeijer, Jens Bezemer, Joel Meter, Simon Phillipson, Ted Stryk
Cecil A. Hewett
Richard Wrangham
Michael Gottlieb, Ralph Leighton, Richard Feynman
Vaclav Smil
Jennifer Doudna, Samuel Sternberg
Shin Takahashi
Anthony Coulls
James G. Speight
Mark Bollman
Sarah Easter Collins
Frida Skybäck
Liz Moore
Colleen Hoover
Kristin Fägerskjöld
Armando Lucas Correa
Sharon Bolton
Ruth Lillegraven
Santa Montefiore
Kelly Rimmer
Martha Hall Kelly
Svenja O'Donnell
Nathan Harris
Holly Jackson
Louise Boije af Gennäs
Tina Norin
Kristin Fägerskjöld
Pernilla Lindroos
Anna Lönnqvist
Jessie Burton
Malin Nordström
Marc Levy
Emma Donoghue
Snezana Lindskog, Andie Lindskog
Tony Samuelsson
Andrev Walden
Tina Harnesk
Kathrine Nedrejord
Anthony Doerr
Marieke Lucas Rijneveld
Lauren Groff
Claire Messud
Claire Lynch
Sebastian Barry
Ray Celestin
Simon Stranger
Alice Munro
Linda Boström Knausgård
Marit Kapla
Ulf Stark
Sarah Easter Collins
Liz Moore
Ursula Scavenius
Colleen Hoover
Michel Jean
